RUMUS 16 TENSES BAHASA INGGRIS
Kata Kerja
Kata Kerja adalah bagian inti dari Tenses
Bahasa Inggris. Kata kerja atau Verb pada rumus-rumus Tenses di blog ini, Kata
kerja atau Verb ini sering saya singkat V saja. Jadi kalau V+ing artinya sama
dengan Verb+ing, sering juga saya tulis sebagai “Ving” saja agar mudah.
Kata kerja dalam bahasa Inggris ada banyak
bentuknya: V1, V2, V3, Ving.
Kata Kerja bentuk 1 atau saya singkat V1,
yaitu kata kerja dasar, seperti: drink, go, write, read, participate, learn, study,
dan sebagainya. Ada kata kerja bentuk ke 2, sering saya singkat V2. Kata kerja
bentuk 3 ya V3. Serta Kata Kerja bentuk ING atau saya singkat Ving. Bagaimana
cara menggunakan bentuk-bentuk kata kerja tersebut? Ada di masing-masing
pelajaran Tenses Bahasa Inggris.
Perubahan Bentuk Kata Kerja
Perubahan bentuk Kata Kerja bentuk 1 (V1)
ke bentuk kedua (V2) dan bentuk ke 3 (V2) ada yang beraturan (ada rumusnya) dan
ada juga yang tidak beraturan (tidak ada rumusnya). Wah memamg inilah yang
membuat bahasa Inggris ini menjadi rumit bagi kita orang Indonesia, haha.
Kata Kerja Beraturan (Regular Verb):
Artinya ya mempunyai keteraturan bentuknya,
ada rumusnya misalnya ditambah “D” atau “ED” seperti: live – lived – lived,
play, played, played.
Walaupun ada aturannya tetapi aturan
perubahan tersebut masih ada beberapa. Daftar kata kerja beraturan ini pun
panjang sekali. Saya sarankan Anda mempunyai buku Grammar Bahasa Inggris
walaupun yang kecil dan sederhana, biasanya ada di sana. Memang Anda mau
menulsinya disini satu per satu?.
Kata Kerja TIDAK Beraturan (Irregular
Verb):
Misalnya kata kerja “drink” berturut-turut
untuk bentuk ke 1 sampai 3: drink-drank-drunk. Satu contoh lain lagi:
break-broke-broken
Masih ingat V1, V2, V3 dan Ving? Jangan
lupa apa itu artinya ya, karena akan sering dipergunakan dalam setiap
tenses bahasa inggris
1. Present Tense (Waktu Sekarang)
a. Simple Present Tense (Waktu Sekarang
Sederhana)
Rumus :
+ } S + V1 + O/C
- } S + Do/does + not + V1 + O/C
? } Do/does + S + V1 + O/C
Example :
+ } Sisca Reads book everyday
- } Sisca does not Read book everyday
? } does Sisca Read book everyday
Yes He does / No He does not (doesn’t)
For I, We, You, They = do
He, She, It = Does
Contoh kalimat :
(+) She is a new people here.
(+) He plays football every morning
(-) She isn’t a new people here.
(-) He does not playing football every
morning.
(?) Is she a new people here?
(?) How playing football every morning?
b. Present Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sekarang)
Menerangkan suatu perbuatan yabg sedang
berlangsungpada waktu sekarang.
Rumus :
+ } S + Be + V1 + ing +
O/C
>> + } They
are playing badmintoon now
- } S + Be + not + V1 + ing + O/C
>> – } They
are not playing badmintoon now
? } Be + S + V1 + ing +
O/C >>
? } Are they palaying badmintoon now ?
Yes They are / no they are not
For I = am
They, we, you = are
He, She, It = Is
Contoh dalam kalimat :
(+) He is playing badminton now
(-) He isn’t playing badminton now.
(?) Is he playing badminton now.
c. Present Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna
Sekarang)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary verb+main verb
Contoh :
(+) you have eaten mine.
(-) she has not been to Rome
(?) have you finished?
d. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu
Berlangsung Sempurna Sekarang)
Rumus :
(+): S +
have/has + been + Ving
(-): S +
have/has + not + been + Ving
(?):
Have/has + S + been + Ving
Contoh :
(+) She has been going to Malang since
evening.
(+) We have been riding a horse for three
days
(-) She hasn’t been going to Malang since evening.
(-) We haven’t been riding a horse for
three days.
(?) Has she been going to Malang ?
(?) Have He been riding a horse for three
days ?
2. Past Tense (Waktu Lampau)
a. Simple Past Tense (Waktu Lampau Sederhana)
Rumus :
+} S+Be+Was/Were+O/C
-} S+Be+Was/Were+not+O/C
?} Be+Was/Were+ S+O/C
Example :
+} We were at school yesterday
-} We were not at school yesterday
?} were we at school yesterday ?
For I, He, She, It = Was
They, we, you = were
Contoh :
(+ ) I saw a good film last night
( +) He came here last month
(-) I did not see a good film last
night
(-) He didn’t come last month
(?) Did I see a good film last night
(?) Did He come here last month
b. Past Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung
Lampau)
Rumus :
(+): S +
was/were + Ving
(-): S +
was/were + NOT + Ving
(?):
Was/Were + S + Ving
Contoh :
(+) He was watching television all
afternoon last week
(+) They were talking about sport when I
met him
(-) He wasn’t watching television all
afternoon last week
(-) They weren’t talking about sport when I
met him
(?) Was He watching television all
afternoon last week
(?) Were they talking about sport when I
met him
c. Past Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Lampau)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary verb HAVE+main verb
(+): S +
had + V3
(-): S +
had + not + V3
(?): Had
+ S + V3
Contoh :
(+) When my brother arrived , I had painted
my motor cycle
(+) The ship had left before I arrived
(-) When my brother arrived , I hadn’t
painted my motor cycle
(-) The ship hadn’t left before I arrived
(?) Had I my motor cycle , when my brother
arrived ?
(?) Had the ship left before I arrived?
d. Past Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Lampau)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary verb HAVE+auxiliary verb
BE+main verb
Contoh :
(+) They had been living there for two
month
(+) When they washed my drees , your father
had been playing badminton
(-) They hadn’t been living there for two
month
(-) When they washed my dress , your father
hadn’t been playing badminton
(?) Had they been living there for two
month?
(?) When they washed my dress , had your
father been playing badminton ?
3. Future Tense (Akan Datang)
a. Simple Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Sederhana)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary verb WILL+main verb
Contoh :
(+) I will visit to yogyakarta tomorrow.
(+) he will met girl friend by seven
o’clock
(?) Will he go to America next month?
(+) President shall at Nederland the day
after tomorrow.
(-) President shall not at Nederland the
day after tomorrow.
(?) Shall President at Nederland the day
after tomorrow?
b. Future Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Akan Datang)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb
BE+main verb
Contoh :
(+) I will be writing a comic.
(+) I will be studying tomorrow night.
(-) I will not writing a comic.
(-) I will not be studying tomorrow night.
(?) Will I be writing a comic ?
(?) Will I be studying tomorrow night ?
c. Future Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Akan Datang)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb
HAVE+main verb
Contoh :
(+) Iwill havefinishedby 10am.
(+) Youwill haveforgottenme by then.
(-) Shewillnothavegoneto school.
(-) Wewillnothaveleft.
(?) Willyou havearrived?
(?) Willthey havereceivedit?
d. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
(Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Akan Datang)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb HAVE+auxiliary
verb BE+main verb
Contoh :
(+) I will have been reading a news paper.
(+) He will have been listening music.
(-) I will haven’t been reading a news
paper.
(-) He will haven’t listening a music.
(?) Will I have been riding a news paper ?
(?) Will He have listening a music ?
4. Past Future Tense (Akan Datang Di Waktu
Lampau)
a. Past Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Di Waktu Lampau)
Rumus :
Positif: S + would + V1
Negatif: S + would + not + V1
Tanya: Would + S + V1
Contoh :
(+) He would come if you invited him.
(+) They would buy a home the previous day.
(-) He wouldn’t come if invited him.
(-) They wouldn’t buy a home the previous
day.
(?) Would He come if invited him ?
(?) Would they buy a home the previous day
?
b. Past Future Continuous Tense (Waktu Akan
Sedang Terjadi Diwaktu Lampau)
Rumus :
Positif:
S + would + be + Ving
Negatif:
S + would + not + be + Ving
Tanya:
Would + S + be + Ving
Contoh :
(+) I should be swimming at this time the
following day.
(+) I shall be sliping at 10 o’clock tomorrow.
(-) I shouldn’t be swimming at this time
the following day.
(-) I shalln’t be sleeping at 10 o’clock
tomorrow.
(?) Shall I be swimming at this time the
following day ?
(?) Shall I be sleeping at10 o’clock
tomorrow ?
c. Past Future Perfect Tense (Waktu Akan Sudah Selesai Di Waktu Lampau)
Rumus :
Positif:
S + would + have + V3
Negatif:
S + would + not + have + V3
Tanya:
Would + S + have + V3
Contoh :
(+) He would have graduated if he had
studies hard.
(+) Nonok will have studied moth by the end
of this week.
(-) He wouldn’t have gone if he had met his
darling
(-) Nonok will have not studied month by
the end of this week
(?) Would He have gone if he had met his
darling ?
(?) Will Nonok have studied month by the
end of this week ?
d. Past Future Perfect Continuous
Tense
(Waktu Yang Sudah Sedang Berlangsung Pada
Waktu Lampau)
Rumus :
Positif:
S + would + have + been + Ving
Negatif:
S + would + not + have + been + Ving
Tanya:
Would + S + have + been + Ving
Contoh :
Rianawati would have been speaking English
for two years
(+) Mrs. Anisa Munif would have been
walking here for seventeen years
(+) Rianawati would have been speaking
English for two years
(-) Mrs. Anisa Munif wouldn’t have been
walking here for seventeen year
(-) Rianawati wouldn’t have been speaking
English for two years
(?) Would Mrs. Anisa Munif have been
walking here for seventeen years?
(?) Would Rianawati have been speaking
English for two years?
